News from the SCBC September 10 - October 1

Dancing Jewel (Platycypha caligata subsp. caligata) a striking predator.

This was the first month of SCBC operations in the area and it was a productive month. The weather was hot and dry, often with a warm desiccating wind, interspersed with cool overcast days. The dry veld exposed the landscape making the beauty of the underlying rocks and contours of the mountain visible.

Colours at sunset

 During the month, in anticipation of the wet season, many plants began to flower. Most notable were the Albizia trees, Cassia trees and Combretum creepers. The Ficus ingens trees also put on an impressive display of red leaves.

Albizia anthelmintica in bloom.

The activities during the month were varied. Biodiversity hikes took up the majority of the time, these were done in the day as well as a few night hikes. There was alien invasive clearing and some horticulture. Another successful activity was snare removal, many of these nasty contraptions were picked up. The idea with the removal of snares is to try and stay ahead of the poachers until they give up putting them up on the property.

A good days hunting - seven snares picked up in thick bush.

 During the month contact was made with Lajuba and Ian Gaigher and we spoke about the Vhembe Biosphere Reserve, conservation in the area now and the future and also different projects and needs in the surrounding area. It is my hope that the SCBC can be an energetic force in the area.

The Dassie, also known as Rock Hyrax (Procavia capensis), a heavily targeted animal for bush meat.

 The month provided some excellent animal sightings, the highlights were a nocturnal observation of a Cape Clawless Otter (Aonyx capensis) and an amphisbaenian (worm lizard).  Looking forward to getting camera traps to begin monitoring the larger mammals in the area.

Soutpansberg Wormlizard (Chirindia langi subsp. occidentalis)

Walking in the drying out river I saw high concentrations of fish. At the moment the fish are being fished out by people coming on to the property. As long as they fish using rods it is fine, but we will not tolerate fish traps and nets because they are indiscriminate.

Tilapia one of the native fish species that occurs on the property

Soutpansberg Flat Lizard (Platysaurus relictus), a Soutpansberg endemic, abundant on the property

BIRD LIST FOR THE MONTH

Natal Spurfowl; Crested Francolin; Crested Guinea fowl;  African Black Duck; Golden-tailed Woodpecker; Cardinal Woodpecker; Bearded Woodpecker; Black-collared Barbet; Yellow-fronted Tinkerbird; Acacia Pied Barbet; Southern Yellow-billed Hornbill; African Grey Hornbill; African Hoopoe; Green Wood-hoopoe; Malachite Kingfisher; Brown-hooded Kingfisher; Giant Kingfisher; Pied Kingfisher; Little Bee-eater; European Bee-eater; Narina Trogon; Red-faced Mousebird; Speckled Mousebird; Red-chested Cuckoo; Klaas's Cuckoo; Burchell's Coucal; Alpine Swift; African Black Swift; Little Swift; Purple-crested Turaco; Barn Owl; Spotted Eagle Owl; Fiery-necked Nightjar; Freckled Nightjar; Speckled Pigeon; Laughing Dove; Red-eyed Dove; Emerald-spotted Wood-dove; Tambourine Dove; Three-banded Plover; African Fish Eagle; Cape Vulture; African Goshawk; Verreaux's Eagle; African Hawk Eagle; Green-backed Heron; Hammerkop; Hadeda Ibis; Black Stork; Black-headed Oriole; African Paradise Flycatcher; Fork-tailed Drongo; Brown-crowned Tchagra; Black-back Puffback; Southern Boubou; Orange-breasted Bushshrike; Gorgeous Bushshrike; Grey-headed Bushshrike; Retz's Helmet-shrike; Cape Batis; Chinspot Batis; Pied Crow; Black Cuckooshrike; Southern Black Tit; Lesser-striped Swallow; Rock Martin; Dark-capped Bulbul; Terrestrial Brownbul; Sombre Greenbul; Yellow-bellied Greenbul; Long-billed Crombec; Cape White-eye; Rattling Cisticola; Tawny-flanked Prinia; Bar-throated Apalis; Yellow-throated Apalis; Grey-backed Cameroptera; Kurrichane Thrush; Ashy Flycatcher; White-throated Robin-chat; Red-capped Robin-chat; White-browed Robin-chat; Bearded Scrub-robin; White-browed Scrub-robin; Familiar Chat; Mocking Cliff-chat; Red-winged Starling; Red-billed Oxpecker; Amethyst Sunbird; Collared Sunbird; White-bellied Sunbird; Red-headed Weaver; Lesser-masked Weaver; Spectacled Weaver; Swee Waxbill; Blue Waxbill; Jameson's Firefinch; Bronze Mannikin; SouthernGrey-headed Sparrow; African Pied Wagtail; Cape Wagtail; Yellow-fronted Canary; Golden-breasted Bunting.

Yellow-bellied Greenbul (Chlorocichla flaviventris subsp. flaviventris), a bird whose call can be likened to sarcastic laughing, always a delight to hear.

MAMMAL LIST FOR THE MONTH

Rock Hyrax; Sharpe's Grysbok; Klipspringer; Kudu; Bush Buck; African Civet; Cape Clawless Otter; Slender Mongoose; Dwarf Mongoose; Water Mongoose; Large-spotted Genet; Leopard; Baboon; Vervet Monkey; Thick-tailed Bushbaby; Tree Squirrel; Porcupine; Jameson's Red Rock Rabbit; Spiny Mouse; Pouched Mouse; Senghi.

(Note on list - list was compiled using visual observations of the animal itself or track and sign. Many animals (rodents and bats) were left out due to unsatisfactory identification.)

Saccostomus campestris, Pouched Mouse.

 REPTILE LIST FOR THE MONTH

Agama atra - Peter's Ground Agama

Chirindia langi occidentalis - Soutpansberg Worm Lizard

Aparallactus capensis - Cape Centipede Eater

Philothamnus semivariegatus - Spotted Bush Snake

Psammophis subtaeniatus - Western Yellow-bellied Sand Snake

Platysaurus relictus - Soutpansberg Flat Lizard

Smaug warreni depressus - Flat Dragon Lizard

Dendroaspis polylepis - Black Mamba

Homopholis wahlbergii - Wahlberg's Velvet Gecko

Afroedura - Flat Gecko (Taxonomy unresolved)
Chondrodactylus turneri - Turner's Gecko

Hemidactylus mabouia - Common Tropical House Gecko

Lygodactylus capensis - Common Dwarf Gecko

Broadleysaurus major - Rough-scaled Plated Lizard

Gerrhosaurus flavigularis - Yellow-throated Plated Lizard

Matobosaurus validus - Giant Plated Lizard

Afroablepharus maculicollis - Spotted-neck Snake-eyed Skink

Scelotes limpopoensis limpopoensis - Limpopo Dwarf Burrowing Skink

Trachylepis varia - Variable Skink

Trachylepis margaritifer - Rainbow Skink

Varanus nilotica - Nile Monitor

Pelusios sinuatus - Serrated Hinged Terrapin

 

Nile Monitor (Varanus niloticus), a massive reptile.

 Keywords for the month: Horticulture, Carnivore, Snare, Baobab, Night Animal.

Introducing the Soutpansberg Centre for Biodiversity and Conservation

Located in the Soutpansberg on the banks of the Sand River, the Soutpansberg Centre for Biodiversity and Conservation has founded in order to progressively change the trajectory of conservation in the Soutpansberg in the context of the greater Vhembe Biosphere Reserve; to catalogue the biodiversity of the Soutpansberg; to reconnect people with the natural world; and to develop proactive environmentalists who will impact their world.

 

View of the Sand River Gorge, home of the Soutpansberg Centre for Biodiversity and Conservation.

The Soutpansberg is a mountain range in the far north of South Africa and is close to the town of Louis Trichard. The mountains are renowned for their beauty and high species endemism. The role of the Soutpansberg Centre for Biodiversity and Conservation is to catalogue this biodiversity, collect data and be a conservational presence in the region. 

The endemic Soutpansberg Flat Lizard (Platysaurus relictus) one of the most colourful animals in the area.

The SCBC is an experimental and independent space for the exchange of ideas, biodiversity research and the practice of conservation. Through approaching conservation from an inclusive rather than exclusive position, our goal is to become a model for eco-tourism and conservation in the area In terms of research, our aim is to collect information on biodiversity in the Soutpansberg and contribute this knowledge to a greater scientific community.

A mountain stream; a hotspot for biodiversity.

Our primary objective in these early stages of development is to begin with research on ecosystems – cataloguing the biodiversity of reptiles, birds, plants, arachnids and insects, and monitoring the larger mammals in the area such as leopards, brown hyeanas, aardvarks and antelope. 

Giant Plated Lizard (Matabosaurus validus), a lizard which can grow to just under a metre in length.

Biodiversity research will be accomplished by actively searching for organisms and setting pit-fall and/or camera traps. All records and documentation will be uploaded to the South African National Biodiversity (SANBI) database, making them accessible to the general public and scientists alike. The SCBC will also engage with other conservationists within the area, sharing research and raising awareness of the project within a broader community.

A community of lichen growing on a rock on a mountain summit.

The Soutpansberg Centre For Biodiversity and Conservation is an independent, not-for-profit research and conservation organization based in the Soutpansberg range to the west of Louis Trichard, Limpopo Province, South Africa and we are currently looking for volunteers to assist us with our project.

Lygus Acraea (Acraea lygus) one of the many species of butterfly found in the Soutpansberg. 

Individuals from all walks of life are invited to participate, specifically those that have a strong link to the natural world and want to be part of a new venture (for more information see soutpansbergcbc.blogspot.com).

Winter in Welgevonden Private Game Reserve - Limpopo

Typical woodland in Welgevonden. The main trees are Burkea africana and Terminalia sericea.

I spent winter of this year in the Welgevonden Private Game Reserve, just outside of Vaalwater in the Limpopo Provence of South Africa. The job I was doing was working with researchers in the field collecting data for their university research. The data we were busy collecting was primarily concerned with elephant impact on the environment and also how that environmental impact effected birds. As far as jobs go this is one of the best jobs one can do, you are working with people who are switched on and enthusiastic about nature. There was a good energy and it was an excellent place to spend winter.

This carnivorous plant was a good find. It is amazing to see these plants, they are very strange. This is Shepard's Crook Sundew (Drosera aliciae).

Winged Wooden Pear (Schrebera alata). One of the many interesting plants found during habitat assesments.

Welgevonden is situated in the Waterberg Mountains and is an interesting mix of high plateau vegetation, grassland and woodland. The main trees dominating the landscape are Termenalia species, Faurea saligna and Burkea africana. All of these trees are adapted to survive the regular fires that burn through the grasslands every few years.

Faurea saligna, the Transvaal Beech. These mighty trees grow tall and superficially resemble Eucalyptus trees. 

Marico Sunbird flits around in a Cape Honey Suckle. The call of this little bird was often heard in the research camp.

The veld type in the area is considered sourveld. Sourveld is apposed to sweetveld and refers to the palatability of the veld, which is determined by the soil conditions which are broadly influenced by climate and geology. Sourveld generally occurs in regions where there is a lot of rainfall and very cold winters. The high rainfall tends to remove nutrients from the soil decreasing the pH value in the soil. Grasses growing in this veld are poor in nutrients and because of this are considered unpalatable, in addition to this the grasses, in an effort to prevent the loss of nutrients, withdraw nutrients from the leaves at the onset of the dry season making the grasses even more unpalatable and lacking in nutritional value.[i] During the dry season, Welgevonden management has to put out lick blocks in order to try and help animals get their vitamins and minerals.

Wildebeest that died of mange related complications. Wildebeest seemed to particularly suffer from mange on the reserve and I am sure this can be linked to the poor grazing of the sourveld.

From a biodiversity perspective the area is relatively rich considering its altitude and the veld type. The birding in the area was good and during the six weeks in the reserve, the group of researchers and I managed to compile a bird list that reached 126, which is not bad for winter. There were some notable sightings. Highlights for me include Cape Vultures, Black-chested Snake Eagles (we saw these birds a lot), Denham’s Bustard, Coqui and Shelly’s Francolin (these were also very vocal) and Lanner Falcons. [ii]

Ground-scraper Thrush. Very active little birds.

The Little Bee-eater. These are incredibly photogenic birds. They hawk insects from a perch and can often be seen in pairs.

An uncommon bird, Denham's Bustard. These birds are listed as near threatened due to habitat loss.

The Coqui Francolin. A beautiful little game bird.

Shelly's Francolin, another special little game bird that was heard and seen often at Welgevonden.

The Ant-eating Chat. This one has some mud on its feet and bill adding an interesting colouration to an otherwise drab bird.

There were many Familiar Chats on Welgevonden. Very interesting birds to watch as they are usually very active.

What tourists want to see. The lion, one of the big five.

Welgevonden Private Game Reserve exists in order to attract people to come on safari and enjoy seeing big game animals. Today seeing the ‘big five’ is one of the must do things in Africa and many of the private game reserves and their lodges cater to this need. Big five equals big money and that is the long and short of it. In a way it is unfortunate because lodge management really push this big five agenda on their nature guides and the entire experience becomes an artificial one. Guides are pressured into finding their guests the big five (this pressure does not necessarily come from the guests, but rather the management) and tend to neglect the smaller things that really make a bush experience magical. Radios tuned in, guides chase sightings often missing out on other sighting because of this tunnel vision. On one occasion in Welgevonden we had an incredible lion sighting at one of the central plains. Three lions stalked a baby rhino and then some warthogs. So many safari trucks must have driven past the plains and no one saw the lions until they saw us watching them because they were chasing sighting on the radio.

An interesting interaction. We watched these lions stalk a baby rhinoceros, the mother of the calf quickly showed them that she was not going to let it happen that easily.

Cheetah's are beautiful cats. Their sleek coats and slender build really are captivating.

Another aspect of the Game Reserve that struck me as artificial is the fertilization of the land to support more grazers and therefore more predators. There is also a constant restocking of game animals such as Wildebeest and Zebras. That said, Welgevonden Game Reserve is a good place for Game viewing. During the six weeks I was there, we had some very good game sightings. White Rhinoceros were especially easy to see and we had some incredible encounters with elephants. Welgevonden is also the first place I have seen Bushpigs from a vehicle in the day.

A view from the research camp. Typically on any day there would be plentiful game outside the research camp. In this picture there are Guinea Fowl in the foreground, Impala behind them and in the distance some White Rhinoceros.

Paper Wasps on their nest. These small colonies are dominated by a single female, her daughters help her gather food and raise a new generation of wasps.

A large Huntsman Spider (Sparassidae) found on a rocky outcrop.

These Darklings (Tenebrionidae) were sheltering under some bark that was being warmed by the sun.

One day some of the researchers caught this fish in a stream, I am not sure of the species, but I think the genus is likely to be Barbus.

In respect of smaller animals, Welgevonden Private Game Reserve has a lot to offer. There are many Klipspringers on the rocks, Rock Hyraxes and it was common to Black-backed Jackals. Banded Mongooses, Dwarf Mongooses and Slender Mongooses were regularly seen while out and about in the reserve. We also saw a surprising amount of reptiles. Surprising because it was winter and the work we were doing was not really conducive to reptile hunting.[iii]

A little female Klipspringer, these small antelope are at home in rocky areas, especially hill slopes that are inaccessible to other antelope.

Black-backed Jackals are commonly seen during the day in Welgevonden. Their nightly chorus of melancholy wailing is one of the most distinctly African bush sounds.

Foxy Charaxes (Charaxes jasius subsp. saturnus).

The Nile Crocodile affectionately know as the Flat Dog in Southern Africa.

Spotted Sand Lizard (Pedioplanis lineoocellata subsp. lineoocellata). The lizards are fast.

Trachlepis varia, the Variable Skink. This species is my favourite skink. They have a very large distribution and quickly become used to human presence.

A juvenile Transvaal Gecko (Pachydactylus affinis).

The Herald Snake, Crotaphopeltis hotamboeia. An amphibian specialist.

Bibron's Blind Snake (Afrotyphlops bibronii). A snake well adapted to a life underground. Scales have grown over the eyes which can be seen as dark points on the side of the head. The snake preys on termites and their larvae.

The Cape Centipede-eater (Aparallactus capensis) preys on centipedes. Not many snakes are invertebrate specialists, making it a good niche to exploit. 

Short-snouted Grass Snake (Psammophis brevirostris). A fast diurnal snake.

This Speckled Rock Skink (Trachylepis punctatissima) was trying to overcome a Carpenter Bee (Xylocopa). I am not sure what the result of this struggle was, but the lizard was committed.

 Overall it was a beautiful winter. The icy mornings with accompanying frost tangibly demonstrated the power of winter and its brutal nature: killing the weak and weakening the strong. As the morning progresses and the sun ascends, the warmth of that star becomes very noticeable. The fawn colour of the landscape and the atmosphere of starkness that is created by the leafless trees was arresting. I distinctly remember standing in the open one morning watching the grass moving with the wind. The motion struck me as fluid and for a moment I could see he air itself. These incommunicable experiences where one feels a powerful connection to the earth and nature are what motivate me to continue a lifestyle that is tied as closely to nature as possible.

View of one of the central plains early one morning.

  

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[i] F. van Oudtshoorn. 2012. Guide to Grasses of southern Africa. Briza Publications: Pretoria. pg 28.

[ii] List of Birds seen at Welgevonden:

Shelly’s Francolin, Coqui Francolin, Natal Spurfowl, Helmeted Guineafowl, Egyptian Goose, African Black Duck, Greater Honeyguide, Lesser Honeyguide, Bearded Woodpecker, Cardinal Woodpecker, Black-collared Barbet, Crested Barbet, Southern Yellow-billed Hornbill, African Grey Hornbill, African Hoopoe, Green Wood-hoopoe, Lilac-breasted Roller, Malachite Kingfisher, Brown-hooded Kingfisher, Giant Kingfisher, Pied Kingfisher, Little Bee-eater, White-fronted Bee-eater, Speckled Mousebird, Klaas’s Cuckoo, Burchell’s Coucal, Grey Go-away Bird, Barn Owl, Grass Owl, Pearl-spotted Owlett, Spotted Eagle Owl, Fiery-necked Nightjar, Freckled Nightjar, Speckled Pigeon, African Green Pigeon, Laughing Dove, Cape Turtle-Dove, Red-eyed Dove, Emerald-spotted Wood-dove, Denham’s Bustard, African Jacana, Blacksmith Lapwing, African Wattled Lapwing, Crowned Lapwing, Black-shouldered Kite, African Fish-Eagle, Cape Vulture, Brown Snake-Eagle, Black-chested Snake-Eagle, Black Sparrowhawk, Gabar Goshawk, Jackal Buzzard, African Harrier-Hawk, African Hawk-Eagle, Martial Eagle, Rock Kestrel, Lanner Falcon, African Darter, White-breasted Cormorant,  Little Grebe, Grey Heron, Hammerkop, Hadeda Ibis, Black Stork, Black-headed Oriole, Fork-tailed Drongo, Brubru, Black-backed Puffback, Black-crowned Tchagra, Southern Boubou, Orange-breasted Bush-Shrike, Grey-headed Bush-Shrike, White-crested Helmet-Shrike, Chinspot Batis, Pied Crow, Common Fiscal, Southern Black Tit, Rock Martin, Brown-throated Martin, Pearl-breasted Swallow, Lesser Striped Swallow, Dark-capped Bulbul, Cape Grassbird, Long-billed Crombec, Arrow-marked Babbler, Cape White-eye, Croaking Cisticola, Rattling Cisticola, Neddicky, Tawny-flanked Prinia, Bar-throated Apalis, Grey-backed Camaroptera, Rufous-naped Lark, Kurrichane Thrush, Groundscraper Thrush, Southern Black Flycatcher, White-throated Robin-Chat, White-browed Scrub-Robin, African Stonechat, Familiar Chat, Capped Wheatear, Ant-eating Chat, Red-winged Starling, Cape Glossy Starling, Red-billed Oxpecker, Amethyst Sunbird, White-bellied Sunbird, Marico Sunbird, Red-headed Weaver, Southern Masked Weaver, Red-billed Quelea, Long-tailed Widowbird, Red-collared Widowbird, Common Waxbill, Blue Waxbill, African Firefinch, Jameson’s Firefinch, Southern Grey-headed Sparrow, Cape Wagtail, Cape Longclaw, African Pipit, Yellow-fronted Canary, Streaky-headed Seedeater, Cinnamon-breasted Bunting, Golden-breasted Bunting

[iii] List of Reptiles: 
Bibron’s Blind Snake, Cape Centipede-eater, Short-snouted Grass Snake, Western Stripe-bellied Sand Snake, Herald Snake, Distant’s Ground Agama, Southern Tree Agama, Variable Skink, Rainbow Skink, Speckled Rock Skink, Waterberg Flat Lizard, Giant Plated Lizard, Transvaal Girdled Lizard, Spotted Sand Lizard, Common Rough Scaled Lizard, Tropical House Gecko, Transvaal Gecko, Common Dwarf Gecko, Nile Crocodile